산업카운슬러의 역할과 기대(68) : 긍정심리자본 

긍정심리자본에 대한(Psychological Capital, Positive Organizational Behavior, POB/Martin Seligman, Fred Luthans) 이해 

1. 의의

긍정심리자본은 마냥 행복한 마음상태만을 의미하지 않는다. 도전적인 과업에 성공하기 위해 필요한 자신감(자기효능감, self-efficacy)을 갖고 있고,

목표를 향한 경로를 설정하고 설정한 경로를 실현에 옮기고자 하는 의지(희망, hope)에 충만하고, 

현재와 미래의 성공에 낙관적이며(낙관주의, optimism), 문제나 역경에 직면했을 때 좌절로부터 원래의 상태로 되돌아오거나 오히려 그것을 뛰어넘는(복원력, resiliency) 개인의 복합적인 긍정적 심리상태로 정의된다.

2. 요건

1)자기효능감(self efficacy)

2)희망(hope)

3)낙관주의(optimism)

4)복원력(resilience)

3. 효과

이러한 '막연했던 긍정심리학'을 철저히 배격하며 '과학적인 긍정심리자본'을 설파하는 대가가 있다. 그는 긍정심리학 창시자 마틴 셀리그먼(Martin Seligman)과 함께 연구를 시작해 주로 '직장내 긍정심리학'을 연구하고 '긍정심리자본(Psychological Capital)'이라는 새로운 개념을 창시했다. 프레드 루선스(Fred Luthans) 미국 네브래스카 경영대 석좌교수가 그 주인공이다

Examining Positive Psychological Capital

Abstract: Positive psychological capital (PPC) provides a framework that enables scholars to extend current research into positive organisational behaviour (POB). The construct, which comprises self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency, was introduced by Luthans, Luthans, and Luthans (2004) as a measure comparable and complimentary to measures of human (or intellectual), social and traditional physical capital. This paper explores the rationale behind positive psychological capital, reviewing the model with a specific focus on the clarifying the distinctive value of component constructs, and further, on clarifying the criteria by which additional states might be assessed for inclusion in the theory; trust is briefly assessed under these criteria as a potential addition to the model.

Keywords: Positive Psychology, Self-efficacy, Hope, Optimism, Resilience 

Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge

Fred Luthans, Carolyn M. Youssef, and Bruce J. Avolio

Abstract

This book draws from a foundation of positive psychology and recently emerging positive organizational behavior (POB). Its purpose is to introduce the untapped human resource capacity of psychological capital, or simply PsyCap. This PsyCap goes beyond traditionally recognized human and social capital and must meet the scientific criteria of theory, research, and valid measurement. To distinguish from other constructs in positive psychology and organizational behavior, to be included in PsyCap the resource capacity must also be “state-like” and thus open to development (as opposed to momentary states or fixed traits) and have performance impact. The positive psychological resource capacities that meet these PsyCap criteria — efficacy (confidence), hope, optimism, and resilience — are covered in separate chapters. These four resource capacities are conceptually and empirically distinct, but also have underlying common processes for striving to succeed and when in combination contribute to a higher-order, core construct of psychological capital. Besides these four, other potential positive constructs such as creativity, wisdom, well being, flow, humor, gratitude, forgiveness, emotional intelligence, spirituality, authenticity, and courage are covered in Chapters 6 and 7. The concluding Chapter 8 summarizes and presents the research demonstrating the performance impact of PsyCap, the PsyCap questionnaire (PCQ) for measurement and the PsyCap Intervention (PCI) for development. Utility analysis indicates that investing in the development of PsyCap can result in a very substantial return. In total, this book provides the theory, research, measure, and method of application for the new resource of Psychological Capital that can be developed and sustained for competitive advantage.

Keywords:  efficacy, hope, optimism, positive organizational behavior, positive psychology, PsyCap, psychological capital development, psychological capital measurement, resilience, state-like constructs